;  太(tai)陽(yang)能發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。不(bu)論產銷量、發(fa)(fa)展速度和(he)發(fa)(fa)展前景(jing)、光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)都趕不(bu)上光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。可能因(yin)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)普(pu)及較廣而接觸光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)較少，通常民間所說的太(tai)陽(yang)能發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往往指的就是太(tai)陽(yang)能光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，簡(jian)稱光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

       光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)根據光(guang)(guang)生伏(fu)特效(xiao)應原理,利用(yong)(yong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)將(jiang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)(guang)能(neng)直接轉化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)。不(bu)(bu)論是(shi)獨立使用(yong)(yong)還是(shi)并網發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian),光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統主要由太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)（組件）、控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)和(he)逆變器(qi)(qi)三大(da)(da)部分組成(cheng)，它們主要由電(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件構成(cheng)，不(bu)(bu)涉(she)及機械部件,所以,光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備極為精煉,可靠穩(wen)定壽命長(chang)、安裝維護簡便。理論上講,光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術可以用(yong)(yong)于任(ren)何需要電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的場合(he),上至航天器(qi)(qi),下(xia)至家用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan),大(da)(da)到兆瓦級電(dian)(dian)(dian)站,小到玩具,光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)無處不(bu)(bu)在。國(guo)產晶體硅(gui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)效(xiao)率在10至13%左右，國(guo)外同類(lei)產品效(xiao)率約12至14%。由一個(ge)或多個(ge)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)片組成(cheng)的太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)稱為光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)組件。

       太陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏發電系(xi)統由太陽能(neng)(neng)電池組(zu)、太陽能(neng)(neng)控(kong)制器、蓄電池（組(zu)）組(zu)成。如輸出電源為交流220V或110V，還需要配置逆變器。各部(bu)分的作用為：

      （一）太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)板：太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)板是(shi)太(tai)陽能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)的核心(xin)部分，也是(shi)太(tai)陽能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)價(jia)值最高(gao)的部分。其作用是(shi)將太(tai)陽的輻射(she)能(neng)力轉換為電(dian)能(neng)，或送往蓄電(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)存儲起來，或推動(dong)負載工作。 

      （二）太陽(yang)能控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)：太陽(yang)能控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)的(de)作用(yong)是(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)整個系統的(de)工作狀態，并對蓄(xu)電(dian)池起(qi)到過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)保護、過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)保護的(de)作用(yong)。在溫(wen)差較(jiao)大(da)的(de)地方(fang)，合(he)格的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)還應具備溫(wen)度補償的(de)功能。其他附加功能如(ru)光控(kong)(kong)(kong)開關(guan)、時(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)開關(guan)都應當(dang)是(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)的(de)可選項； 

      （三）蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)：一(yi)般為鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，小微型(xing)系統中(zhong)，也可用鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)或(huo)鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。其作(zuo)用是在有光照時將太陽能電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)板所發出(chu)的電(dian)能儲存(cun)起來，到(dao)需要的時候再釋放(fang)出(chu)來。 

      （四(si)）逆變器(qi)：太陽能(neng)的(de)直接輸出一般都(dou)是12VDC、24VDC、48VDC。為能(neng)向220VAC的(de)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)提供電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，需要(yao)將太陽能(neng)發電(dian)(dian)系統所(suo)發出的(de)直流電(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉換成交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，因此需要(yao)使用DC-AC逆變器(qi)。