2018年(nian)12月28日 宏豐二期項目——平面屋頂太陽能光伏電站
光(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是根(gen)據光(guang)生伏特(te)效應原理,利用太(tai)陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池將太(tai)陽光(guang)能直接轉化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能。不(bu)論(lun)是獨立(li)使用還是并網(wang)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),光(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統主要由太(tai)陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池板(ban)(組(zu)件(jian)(jian))、控制器(qi)和(he)逆變器(qi)三大部分組(zu)成(cheng),它們主要由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元器(qi)件(jian)(jian)構成(cheng),但不(bu)涉及(ji)機械部件(jian)(jian)。
所以,光伏(fu)發電設(she)備(bei)極為精煉,可靠穩定壽命長、安裝(zhuang)維護(hu)簡(jian)便。理論上講,光伏(fu)發電技術可以用于任何需(xu)要電源(yuan)的場合,上至(zhi)航天器,下至(zhi)家(jia)用電源(yuan),大到兆瓦級電站,小到玩具(ju),光伏(fu)電源(yuan)可以無處不(bu)在。
太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)分(fen)光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)和光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)。不(bu)論產銷量、發(fa)展速度和發(fa)展前景(jing)、光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)都趕不(bu)上光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)。可能(neng)(neng)因(yin)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)普(pu)及較廣而接觸光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)較少,通常民間所(suo)說的(de)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)往(wang)往(wang)指(zhi)的(de)就是太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian),簡稱光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)。
光伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)根(gen)據光生伏(fu)特(te)效(xiao)應原(yuan)理(li),利用(yong)太(tai)(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池將太(tai)(tai)陽光能直接轉化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能。不論(lun)是(shi)獨立使用(yong)還是(shi)并網發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),光伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統主要由太(tai)(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池板(組(zu)件)、控制器(qi)和(he)逆變器(qi)三大部分(fen)組(zu)成(cheng),它們主要由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)器(qi)件構成(cheng),不涉(she)及(ji)機(ji)械部件,所以(yi),光伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備極(ji)為精煉,可靠(kao)穩定壽命(ming)長、安(an)裝(zhuang)維護簡便。理(li)論(lun)上(shang)講(jiang),光伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術可以(yi)用(yong)于任何需要電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的場(chang)合(he),上(shang)至航(hang)天器(qi),下至家用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan),大到兆瓦級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站,小到玩具,光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)無處不在(zai)。國(guo)產晶(jing)體硅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池效(xiao)率在(zai)10至13%左(zuo)右(you),國(guo)外同類產品效(xiao)率約12至14%。由一(yi)個或(huo)多個太(tai)(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池片組(zu)成(cheng)的太(tai)(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池板稱為光伏(fu)組(zu)件。
太陽能光伏發電(dian)系統由太陽能電(dian)池(chi)組、太陽能控制器、蓄電(dian)池(chi)(組)組成。如輸出電(dian)源為(wei)交流220V或(huo)110V,還需要配(pei)置逆變器。各部分的(de)作用(yong)為(wei):
(一)太(tai)陽能電(dian)池(chi)(chi)板(ban):太(tai)陽能電(dian)池(chi)(chi)板(ban)是太(tai)陽能發電(dian)系統中的核心部分,也是太(tai)陽能發電(dian)系統中價值最高的部分。其(qi)作用是將(jiang)太(tai)陽的輻射(she)能力轉換為電(dian)能,或送(song)往蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)中存儲(chu)起來,或推動負載工作。
(二(er))太陽能(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器:太陽能(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器的(de)(de)作用是控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)整(zheng)個系統的(de)(de)工作狀態,并對(dui)蓄電池起(qi)到過(guo)(guo)充電保(bao)護、過(guo)(guo)放電保(bao)護的(de)(de)作用。在(zai)溫差較大的(de)(de)地方(fang),合格的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器還應具備溫度補償的(de)(de)功能(neng)。其他附加功能(neng)如光控(kong)開關、時控(kong)開關都應當是控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器的(de)(de)可選項;
(三)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi):一般為鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),小微型系統(tong)中(zhong),也可用(yong)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。其作(zuo)用(yong)是在有(you)光照時將太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板所發(fa)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)儲存起來,到需要的(de)時候再釋放(fang)出來。
(四)逆變器:太陽能的直接(jie)輸出(chu)一般都是12VDC、24VDC、48VDC。為(wei)能向220VAC的電器提供(gong)電能,需(xu)要(yao)將(jiang)太陽能發電系統(tong)所發出(chu)的直流電能轉換成交流電能,因此需(xu)要(yao)使(shi)用DC-AC逆變器。
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